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{"id":1363,"date":"2020-01-22T09:42:26","date_gmt":"2020-01-22T06:42:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maxwellmuhendislik.com.tr\/?p=1363"},"modified":"2021-01-31T21:51:29","modified_gmt":"2021-01-31T18:51:29","slug":"orta-gerilim-salt-tesisleri-kurulumu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maxwellmuhendislik.com.tr\/2020\/01\/22\/orta-gerilim-salt-tesisleri-kurulumu\/","title":{"rendered":"Orta Gerilim \u015ealt Tesislerinde Kurulum"},"content":{"rendered":"

Orta gerilim \u015falt sistemi art\u0131k son derece y\u00fcksek bir g\u00fcvenilirlik seviyesine ula\u015ft\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ko\u015fulda ve zorlu lokasyonlarda d\u00fcnya genelinde kurulu milyonlarca pano ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan s\u0131k\u0131 y\u00f6netmelikler ve deneyimler, i\u015fletme hatalar\u0131n\u0131n oransal olarak nadir g\u00f6r\u00fclen olaylar olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor ve bunlar ihmal edilen bak\u0131m ve gereksinimlere uymama nedeniyle olu\u015fan hatalardan kaynaklan\u0131yor.\u00a0 <\/p>

Orta Gerilim \u015ealt Tesisleri Normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/h2><\/div><\/div>

Orta gerilim \u015falt sistemini d\u00fczenleyen standart IEC 62271-200, \u201cY\u00fcksek gerilim anahtarlama d\u00fczeni ve kontrol d\u00fczeni – B\u00f6l\u00fcm 200: 1 kv \u00fczerinde ve en y\u00fcksek 52 kv’a kadar olan beyan gerilimleri i\u00e7in a.a. metal mahfazal\u0131 anahtarlama d\u00fczeni ve kontrol d\u00fczeni\u201ddir. \u015ealt cihazlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren spesifik olmayan hususlar ile ilgili olarak, bu standart s\u0131kl\u0131kla orta gerilim \u015falt tertibat\u0131 ve kumanda cihaz\u0131n\u0131n genel standard\u0131na, yani IEC 62271-1 \u201cY\u00fcksek gerilim anahtarlama d\u00fczeni ve kontrol d\u00fczeni – b\u00f6l\u00fcm 1: Ortak \u00f6zellikler\u201d standard\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirir. <\/p>

IEC 62271-200 standard\u0131n\u0131n alt maddesi 9.1 (talep, ihale ve sipari\u015fle verilecek bilginin), metal muhafazal\u0131 \u015falt ve kumanda ekipmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in teklif talep eden veya sipari\u015f eden istek\u00e7ilerin yaln\u0131zca sistemin ana elektrik \u00f6zelliklerini de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda standarttan farkl\u0131ysa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 da sa\u011flamalar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015far, yani <\/p>

\n\n– minimum ve maksimum ortam hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131;<\/p>

– ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 buhara maruz kalma;<\/p>

– nem;<\/p>

– duman \/ is;<\/p>

– patlay\u0131c\u0131 gazlar;<\/p>

– a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 toz veya tuz;<\/p>

– termal radyasyon;<\/p>

– yer sars\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 veya di\u011fer d\u0131\u015f etkenlerde kaynaklardan titre\u015fim riski.\n\n<\/p>

<\/p>

\n\nK\u0131sacas\u0131, normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan sapma veya ekipman\u0131n tatminkar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen herhangi bir durum.<\/p>

\u0130\u00e7 mekan OG \u015falt sistemi i\u00e7in normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 IEC 62271-1 standard\u0131 madde 2\u2019de belirlenmi\u015ftir:\n\n<\/p>

<\/p>

\n\n– Ortam hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 40 \u00b0 C’yi a\u015fmamal\u0131 ve 24 saat boyunca \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen ortalama de\u011feri 35 \u00b0 C’yi ge\u00e7memelidir.<\/p>

Minimum ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tercih edilen de\u011ferler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>

-5 \u00b0 C, -15 \u00b0 C ve -25 \u00b0 C.<\/p>

– G\u00fcne\u015f radyasyonunun etkisi dikkate al\u0131nmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

– Y\u00fckseklik 1000 m’yi ge\u00e7memelidir<\/p>

– Ortam havas\u0131, toz, duman \/ is, tuzlar, a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 veya yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar veya buharlar ile \u00f6nemli kirliliklerden uzak olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zel talimatlar\u0131n yoklu\u011funda, imalat\u00e7\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir kirlenmenin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsayabilir.<\/p>

– Nem ko\u015fullar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi olmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>

– 24 saatlik bir s\u00fcre boyunca \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen ortalama ba\u011f\u0131l nem de\u011feri % 95’ten fazla olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

– 24 saatlik bir periyotta \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen ortalama su buhar\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131 de\u011feri 2.2 kPa’yi ge\u00e7memelidir;<\/p>

– 1 ayl\u0131k bir s\u00fcre boyunca \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen ortalama ba\u011f\u0131l nem de\u011feri % 90’\u0131 ge\u00e7memelidir;<\/p>

– 1 ayl\u0131k bir periyotta \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen ortalama su buhar\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131 de\u011feri 1.8 kPa’yi ge\u00e7memelidir.
<\/p>

\n\n\u00c7ok nemli havalarda keskin s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri nedeniyle yo\u011funla\u015fma bu ko\u015fullarda ara s\u0131ra olu\u015fabilir. Y\u00fcksek nem seviyeleri ve yo\u011funla\u015fman\u0131n etkilerine kar\u015f\u0131 koymak i\u00e7in, standart, bu t\u00fcr ko\u015fullar i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f ve test edilmi\u015f \u015falt ekipmanlar\u0131 ve kontrol cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermektedir. Bu etkiler olduk\u00e7a kritik olabilir, yal\u0131t\u0131m hatas\u0131 ve metal par\u00e7alar\u0131n korozyonuna sebep olabilir. Standart, ayr\u0131ca binalarda belirli y\u00f6ntemleri benimseyerek, odalara havaland\u0131rma ve \u0131s\u0131tma sistemleri kurarak veya nem giderici kullanarak yo\u011funla\u015fman\u0131n olu\u015fumunu \u00f6nlemeyi \u00f6nerir.<\/p>

– \u015ealt ekipman\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki sebeplerden ve yer sars\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan titre\u015fimler, standart \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6nemsizdir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu ko\u015fullar \u00f6nemli deprem riskinin olmamas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Burada yine, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel talimatlar\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, \u00fcretici b\u00f6yle bir risk olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsayabilir. <\/p>

Orta Gerilim \u015ealt Tesisleri Kurulumunda \u00d6zel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/h2>

IEC 62271-1, standart seviyeleri sa\u011flayan \u00f6zel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 da belirler. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ko\u015fullar analiz edilir:<\/p>

– 1000 m’yi a\u015fan y\u00fckseklik: 1000 m’ye kadar d\u00fczeltme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na izin vermeyen anma yal\u0131t\u0131m dayanma seviyesine a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki form\u00fcl uyar\u0131nca Ka fakt\u00f6r\u00fc \u00e7arp\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>

K<\/sub><\/em>a =<\/sub>e<\/sub><\/em>m <\/em>(H <\/em>\u2013 1000)\/8150<\/p>

Burada:<\/p>

– H metre cinsinden rak\u0131md\u0131r;<\/p>

– m sabit katsay\u0131d\u0131r ve de\u011feri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:
<\/p>