Paratoner Nedir, Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r? <\/h2>

Paratoner, statik elektrik y\u00fckl\u00fc bulutlarla yery\u00fcz\u00fc aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan \u015fiddetli elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n insanlara, binalara, elektrikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan cihazlara, elektrik tesisat\u0131na zarar vermeden do\u011frudan topra\u011fa aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan\u00a0elektriksel g\u00fcvenlik ekipman\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>

Paratoner<\/strong>, statik elektrik<\/strong> y\u00fckl\u00fc bulutlarla yery\u00fcz\u00fc aras\u0131nda<\/strong> olu\u015fan \u015fiddetli elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> insanlara, binalara, elektrikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan cihazlara, elektrik tesisat\u0131na zarar vermeden<\/strong> do\u011frudan topra\u011fa aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> sa\u011flayan elektriksel g\u00fcvenlik ekipman\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/p>

Paratoner topraklamas\u0131<\/strong>, elektrik \u00e7arpmas\u0131<\/strong> ve yang\u0131n risklerinin<\/strong> \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in bina d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmal\u0131, izolasyon malzemesinin<\/strong> veya bina duvar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7irilmemeli, yak\u0131n\u0131nda metal herhangi bir nesne olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

Elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> paratonerden topra\u011fa aktaran iletken \u00e7\u0131plak<\/strong> olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m veya \u015fim\u015feklerin<\/strong> olu\u015fumu do\u011fada belirli bir d\u00f6ng\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde<\/strong> ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>

Is\u0131nan yery\u00fcz\u00fc<\/strong>, \u00fczerindeki havay\u0131 \u0131s\u0131t\u0131r<\/strong> ve \u0131s\u0131nan hava y\u00fckselir<\/strong>. Y\u00fckselen havadaki su buhar\u0131 so\u011fur<\/strong> ve bulutlar olu\u015fur. Bulutlar\u0131n tepelerinde s\u0131cakl\u0131k donma noktas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fer<\/strong>.<\/p>

Bulutlar\u0131n tepelerinde olu\u015fan buz kristalleri<\/strong> birbirine s\u00fcrt\u00fcnerek statik elektri\u011fi<\/strong> olu\u015fturur. Pozitif y\u00fckler<\/strong> bulutun \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda<\/strong> negatif y\u00fckler<\/strong> ise alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda<\/strong> yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>

Y\u00fcklerin yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/strong> artt\u0131k\u00e7a bulutlar\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde \u015fim\u015fekler<\/strong> veya bulutlar-zemin aras\u0131nda y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m<\/strong> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan, \u015fiddetli elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131<\/strong> ge\u00e7i\u015fiyle y\u00fcklerin de\u015farj\u0131<\/strong> ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>

Elektri\u011fin ke\u015ffi<\/strong> milattan \u00f6ncelere dayanmaktad\u0131r. Yak\u0131n tarihte elektrik<\/strong> alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ke\u015fifler<\/strong> g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz teknolojisinin temellerini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>

17. yy. ba\u015f\u0131nda W.Gilbert<\/strong> baz\u0131 maddelerin birbirlerine s\u00fcrt\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde birbirlerine uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fc tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in elektrik kelimesini<\/strong> kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>

18. yy.\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nemli bilim insanlar\u0131ndan olan B. Franklin<\/strong>, f\u0131rt\u0131nalar sonucu olu\u015fan y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n<\/strong> insanlar\u0131n yaralanma ve \u00f6l\u00fcmlerine yol a\u00e7mas\u0131, binalarda yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gibi olumsuzlar\u0131n \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>

Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m-elektrik<\/strong> aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi \u00fcnl\u00fc u\u00e7urtma deneyi<\/strong> ile tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f ve y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlardan korunmak<\/strong> i\u00e7in paratoner prensibini<\/strong> ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>

Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi nokta<\/strong> tahmin edilemez ve \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek binalar<\/strong>, enerji nakil hatlar\u0131<\/strong>, trafo merkezleri<\/strong>, sinyal verici istasyonlar<\/strong>, k\u00f6pr\u00fcler<\/strong>, havaalanlar\u0131<\/strong>, akaryak\u0131t dolum ve sat\u0131\u015f tesisleri<\/strong>, risk alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu sebeple her yap\u0131n\u0131n paratoner sistemi ayr\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7arpmalar\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu 30-40 kA<\/strong> aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olsa da 200 kA ve \u00fczeri ak\u0131m de\u015farjlar\u0131nda y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m<\/strong> \u00e7arpmalar\u0131 da olabilmektedir.<\/p>

Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m d\u00fc\u015fmesiyle<\/strong> olu\u015fan gerilim ve ak\u0131m dalgalanmas\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> etki yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 2 km\u2019ye kadar<\/strong> \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir.<\/p>

Ya\u011f\u0131\u015fs\u0131z kuru havada, havan\u0131n izolasyon direnci 30 kV\/cm\u2019dir<\/strong>. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 havalarda y\u00fcklenmi\u015f bulutlar<\/strong> aras\u0131ndaki izolasyon direnci 0.5-10 kV\/m<\/strong> de\u011ferlerine kadar d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>

Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mdan korunma sistem ve bile\u015fenlerine ait standartlar<\/strong>; EN 62305-1<\/strong>, EN 62305-2<\/strong>, EN 62305-3<\/strong>, EN 62305-4<\/strong>, EN 62561-1<\/strong>, EN 62561-3<\/strong>, EN 62561-6<\/strong>, EN 61643-21<\/strong>, EN 61024-1<\/strong>, NF C 17-102<\/strong>\u2019dir.<\/p>

Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m<\/strong>, risk b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck de\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re d\u00f6rt s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/strong>. 1. S\u0131n\u0131f 3-200 kA<\/strong>, 2. S\u0131n\u0131f 5-150 kA<\/strong>, 3. S\u0131n\u0131f 10-100 kA<\/strong>, 4. S\u0131n\u0131f 16-100 kA<\/strong> aral\u0131klar\u0131nda potansiyele sahip b\u00f6lgeleri ifade eder.<\/p>

Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mdan ve etkilerinden korunmak<\/strong> i\u00e7in i\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131k (LV-Low Voltage Parafudr ) <\/strong>ve d\u0131\u015f y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131k (paratoner)<\/strong> sistemleri kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

DEVAMI<\/a><\/p>

FAAL\u0130YETLER\u0130M\u0130Z<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde devre kesiciler, y\u00fckte veya y\u00fcks\u00fcz durumda ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 sistemi a\u00e7\u0131p kapayabilecek ve hata durumlar\u0131nda enerjiyi kesebilecek \u015fekilde \u00fcretilirler<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1399,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[63,62,17,18,1],"tags":[68,47,55,67,49,76,50,66,61],"class_list":["post-1398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektriktaahhut","category-endustriyeltesisler","category-energy","category-engineering","category-genel","tag-bakim","tag-elektrik","tag-endustriyel","tag-enerji","tag-muhendislik","tag-paratoner","tag-taahhut","tag-tesisat","tag-yildirimkoruma"],"yoast_head":"\n